Coryphantha SALM-DYCKIANA

Coryphantha is a diverse genus of globular or cylindrical succulent plants in the cactus family (Cactaceae), whose native range extends across deserts and savannas from the United States to Mexico. The species growing in the southernmost part of Mexico are the easiest to cultivate, while species occurring further north in the country and in the United States are generally more challenging to grow.

Many species continually change their appearance during the growing season. Tubercles are located on the cactus stems; in desert species, thick spines can be observed instead of tubercles. The function of both is to retain moisture, which is scarce under drought conditions. In mature plants, a characteristic groove runs from the areole along the upper side of the tubercle, after the appearance of which flowering begins in the cacti.

Almost all species bloom regularly from summer to late autumn with numerous large yellow flowers, reaching up to 6 cm (2.4 in) in diameter. The first flowering can be observed in specimens older than five years. Some grow very slowly; more than ten years may pass from sowing to the appearance of the first flower. An additional couple of years may be needed before the spines reach full development.

After flowering, juicy berry-like fruits appear.

Salm-Dyck's coryphantha elongates more than other species and is harder to keep compact. It grows steadily under any lighting, but becomes attractive only in bright sunlight, and does not form a round ball. The flowers are among the smallest in the genus. The species is named in honor of the German prince Salm-Dyck, who left a notable mark in the history of studying cacti, aloes, mesembs, and a number of other succulent plant groups.

Seeds are sown on the surface of a moistened mineral mixture (sand and fine perlite), pressed lightly, and covered with glass or film. Sowing containers are kept at a temperature of 22–26 °C (72–79 °F) in diffused light. Regular ventilation is provided.

Seedlings emerge within 7–25 days. The maximum germination period can exceed 30 days. After the first spines appear, prick-potting into individual containers is performed.

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Most Coryphantha species are fairly easy to grow. The easiest method of maintenance is greenhouse cultivation. However, some species, especially from southern and central Mexico, can be grown on a windowsill, as well as in outdoor garden culture, provided they are protected from rain and frost. These are very valuable plants that can become an adornment of any collection. The joy and pride in successfully cultivating such a gem are a worthy reward.

They are quite undemanding regarding the ambient climate. In summer, they require sufficient light and warmth, and can be watered frequently. In winter, they require a rest period of several months with no watering. They do not require placement right under glass, but rather in a spot with plenty of light and direct sun rays.

The plants rarely burn in the sun; on the contrary, they protect themselves by increasing pubescence and increasing the length and density of spines, which makes them more attractive. However, adequate air circulation and room ventilation are necessary. In winter, if the plants are hardy and the soil is completely dry, they can tolerate freezing temperatures. Still, ideal temperatures are from 4 to 12 °C (39 to 54 °F).