Coryphantha CORNIFERA

Coryphantha CORNIFERA - Horned coryphantha, Coryphantha cornifera.

Coryphantha is a numerous genus of globose or cylindrical succulent plants in the cactus family (Cactaceae), whose native range extends across deserts and savannahs from the USA to Mexico. Species growing in the southernmost part of Mexico are the easiest to cultivate, while species growing closer to the north of the country and in the USA are usually more difficult to grow.

Many species constantly change their appearance during the growing season. Tubercles are located on the cactus stems; in desert species, thick spines can be observed instead of tubercles. The role of both comes down to retaining moisture, which is scarce under drought conditions. In mature plants, a characteristic groove runs from the areole along the upper side of the tubercle, after the appearance of which flowering begins in the cacti.

Almost all species bloom regularly from summer until late autumn with numerous large yellow flowers, reaching 6 cm (2.4 in) in diameter. First flowering can be observed in specimens older than five years. Some grow very slowly, and more than ten years may pass from sowing until the appearance of the first flower. Another couple of years may be needed before full spine development is reached.

After flowering, juicy berry-like fruits appear.

Horned coryphantha is a cactus with a light green stem of globose, less often slightly elongated shape. The maximum height the stem can reach is 12 cm (4.7 in). Spines are divided into radial ones, of a yellowish tint, and central ones - brown, black at the tips. The central spines are slightly longer and slightly curved. The radial spines are straight and never exceed 1 cm (0.4 in) in length.

It reaches the peak of its ornamental appeal during the flowering period. Beautiful yellow flowers about 5 cm (2 in) in diameter open almost at the very apex. They do not fade for quite a long time.

Seeds are sown on the surface of a moistened mineral mix (sand and fine perlite), lightly pressed in, and covered with glass or film. Sowings are kept at a temperature of 22-26 °C (72-79 °F) in diffused light. Regular ventilation is provided.

Sprouts appear after 7-25 days. The maximum germination period can exceed 30 days. After the appearance of the first spines, pricking out into individual containers is carried out.

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Most coryphantha species are fairly easy to grow. The easiest way to keep them is greenhouse cultivation. However, some species, especially from southern and central Mexico, can be grown on a windowsill, as well as in garden culture, provided they are protected from rain and frost. These are very valuable plants that can become an adornment of any collection. The happiness and pride from successfully cultivating such a gem are a worthy reward.

They are quite undemanding regarding the surrounding climate. In summer they need plenty of light and heat, and can be watered frequently. In winter they need rest for several months and no watering. They do not require being placed directly under glass, but rather in a spot with plenty of light and direct sun rays.

The plants rarely burn in the sun; on the contrary, they protect themselves by increasing pubescence and increasing the length and density of their spines, which makes them more attractive. However, adequate air circulation and room ventilation are necessary. In winter, if the plants are hardy and the soil is completely dry, they can tolerate sub-zero temperatures. Still, ideal temperatures are from 4 to 12 °C (39 to 54 °F).